Specimen: Starfish Starfish are found living in all of the worlds oceans. From tropical habits to cold sea floors. There are about 2,000 different types of starfish. They live can live as far as 20,000 feet below. Starfish has a diet of open clams and oysters. Starfish have a unique way of digesting their food. Starfish have a sac-like stomach that emerges from their mouth that crawls into the shells of clams and oysters. Once inside it mutates the prey to digest it, and then the stomach goes back to the body. Starfish breath through their feet. Their tube like feet are consisted of a thin tissue, allowing gases to flow through with ease. The tube feet and papulae allow for transport of oxygen from seawater to the starfish tissues. A interesting and fun fact about starfish is that they have no brain and blood. Their nervous system is spread through their arms.
Lateral Canals: Long tube that runs down each arm. The tube and feet are connected.
Central disk: Very center of Starfsih body. This is the mouth
Pyloric caeca: Is to secrete enzymes that that help with digesting food
Specimen: Clam Clams are found living in both freshwater and marine habitats. Clams are filter feeders which mean that through pumping water through their bodies to eat such organisms as plankton. Clams are bivalves because they have two hinged shells identical in shape and size. On each side of the Clams foot is a big, thin, dual purpose gills. Clams much like fish breathe through gills. A fun fact about Clams is that eating one serving of cooked Clams has a total of 49 grams of protein. That is 98 percent of your daily value from one serving. Another interesting fact Is that a Giant Clam can grow to become 4 feet and weigh about 441 pounds.
Umbo: The oldest part of the shell of bivalve from which the shell grows.
Inhalant: The siphon that takes water and nutrients inside.
Exhalant: Tube through which water exist the mantle cavity.
Growth ring: The development and age plus growth of the clam
Adductor: Muscle of bivalve that keep the shell tightly closed.
Gonads: Gland in whichh the gametes are prouced. (Sex cells)
Gills: Help clams breathe oxygen
Foot: Used to help Clams move in sand
Perch are freshwater fish that belong to the Percidae Family.
Perch are carnivorous fish predating on smaller fish, larvae and insects.
Three species are widely recognized, the European Perch, Balkash Perch, and the Yellow Perch which are found in North America but originated from released European Perch.
Fun Fact: Perch lay their eggs in long connected ribbons.
Labeled diagram of Perch fins and body regions.
Internal Anatomy
Heart: Only has one ventricle and atrium and pumps blood throughout the perch
Gallbladder: Stores bile produced by liver
Liver: Aids in digestion through bile production and maintains blood pH levels
Kidneys: Filter blood
Intestines/Stomach: Chemical and mechanical breakdown of food for digestion
Crayfish are members of the crusteacans and are cousins of the lobster.
They are primarily detrivores feeding of dead animals and plants.
They breathe through their feather-like gills and can breathe out of water for a period of time.
Fun Fact: Crayfish can be yellow, pink, red, dark brown or blue.
This the external anatomy of the Crayfish from the dorsal view. The abdomen is one of the divided parts of the crayfish. The Carapace is part of the exoskeleton that covers the cephalothorax. The uropod is the 6th segment of the abdomen. It can be found on both sides of the crayfish telsons.
External anatomy from the Ventral view. The cheliped is a claw the crayfish uses to catch pray and use for defense. The walking legs are a locomotion. The swimmerets are functioned appendages that create water currents over gills.
Internal features Dorsal view. Anterior gastric muscle is referring to the stomach. The green gland is apart of the excretory system. It filters waste from the blood. The mandibular muscle is used to move mandibles. The pyloric muscle is for food that enters the crayfish from the stomach. The gills are the breathing structure of a crayfish
Internal Features of the Crayfish. The digestive gland function is to create digestive substances from their nutrients. The maxillae is responsible for letting pieces of food get to mouth.undigested substances are destroyed by the anus. All intestines are attached to the lobed stomach.
Earthworms are both male and female, therefore they produce both eggs and sperm.
Earthworm species vary in what they eat, but through their devouring of fallen leaves and/or soil allows the worms to move nutrients such as potassium and nitrogen into the soil.
Earthworms breathe through their skin, because they lack lungs or other respiratory organs
Fun Fact: If an earthworm stays outside in the light for more than an hour, they will die. They may also be in danger if they are either in soil that is too wet or too dry.
Mouth: Used for absorbing and consuming nutrients Segment: Important structural functions Setae: Helps the earthworm to anchor through the soil Septum: Helps separate an earthworm's internal cavities into sections of different organs. Genital Pore: Used for self reproduction Clitellum: Egg depository
Intestine: Where enzymes break down food chemically and the blood circulating through the intestine walls absorbs it. Gizzard: muscular organ where food is forced from the crop. The rhythmical contractions cause grains of sand to rub the food particles together. It grinds up food. Crop: thin wall organ that acts as a temporary storage place for food. Hearts: Pumps blood
Frogs are amphibious creatures, because while it will live some of its life on land, it must return to the water to reproduce.
Frogs are carnivores, therefore they eat meat. Small frogs eat insects like flies, mosquitoes, and/or moths.
Frogs breathe through two external nares, or nostrils on the outside of its head.
Fun Fact: Instead of drinking water, frogs soak it into their body through their skin.
External Anatomy External Nares: Nostrils to help the specimen breathe Mouth: Inside the mouth there are two vomerine teeth in the middle of the roof of the mouth and two maxillary teeth at the sides of the mouth. Eyes: Both of the eyes have three lids. The third lid is called the nictitating membrane, and it is transparent Tympanum: Eardrums so the frog can hear
Undisturbed Internal Anatomy
Intestines: Absorb nutrients from food, collect waste, absorb water Liver: Make bile to aid the digestive process
Kidneys: Filter Blood
Spinal Cord: Relays motor signals coming from the brain to the muscles of the body, and sensory information from the body to the brain. In this image, we illustrated the path from the spinal cord to a muscle in the left leg.
